TURQUOISE

In many cultures of the Old and New Worlds, this gemstone has been esteemed for thousands of years as a holy stone, a bringer of good fortune or a talisman. It really does have the right to be called a 'gemstone of the peoples'.

EMERALD

Emeralds are fascinating gemstones. They have the most beautiful, most intense and most radiant green that can possibly be imagined: emerald green. Inclusions are tolerated. In top quality, fine emeralds are even more valuable than diamonds.

GARNET

Garnet, the January birthstone, derived its name from the Latin word granatus, meaning like a grain, which refers to the mode of occurrence wherein crystals resemble grains or seeds embedded in the matrix. Garnet is a family of minerals having similar physical and crystalline properties. They all have the same general chemical formula, , where A can be calcium, magnesium, ferrous iron, or manganese, and B can be aluminum, ferric iron, or chromium, or in rare instances, titanium.

JASPER

In the traditional sense, jasper is a dense, opaque, microcrystalline variety of quartz (or more strictly, chalcedony), usually red, brown or yellow and coloured by oxides of iron. It has frequently been used as a decorative stone.

AGATE

Agate was highly valued as a talisman or amulet in ancient times. It was said to quench thirst and protect against fever. Persian magicians used agate to divert storms. A famous collection of two to four thousand agate bowls which was accumulated by Mithridates, king of Pontus, shows the enthusiasm with which agate was regarded. Agate bowls were also popular in the Byzantine Empire. Collecting agate bowls became common among European royalty during the Renaissance and many museums in Europe, including the Louvre, have spectacular examples.

HEMATITE

Hematite is used to improve relationships. If you need your personal relationship to be better, carry a hematite with you always.The name comes from the Greek word for blood. It has been used as an amulet against bleeding, and so is known as the "blood stone". When arranged like the petals of a flower, it is referred to as the "iron rose". Native American folklore states that war paint made from hematite will make one invincible in battle. People in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries wore hematite jewelry during mourning.

OPAL

Opal is an amorphous form of silica related to quartz, a mineraloid form, not a mineral. 3% to 21% of the total weight is water, but the content is usually between 6% to 10%. It is deposited at a relatively low temperature and may occur in the fissures of almost any kind of rock, being most commonly found with limonite, sandstone, rhyolite, marl and basalt. 97% of opal is produced in Australia and is its national gemstone.[4

SAPPHIRES

Sapphire (Greek: σάπφειρος; sappheiros, "blue stone"^[1]) is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (α-Al₂O₃), when it is a color other than red or dark pink, in which case the gem would instead be called a ruby, considered to be a different gemstone. Trace amounts of other elements such as iron, titanium, or chromium can give corundum blue, yellow, pink, purple, orange, or greenish color. Pink-orange sapphires are also called padparadscha. Pure chromium is the distinct impurity of rubies. However, a combination of e.g. chromium and titanium can give a sapphire a color distinct from red.

SPINELS

Spinel is a very attractive and historically important gemstone mineral. Its typical red color, although pinker, rivals the color of ruby. In fact, many rubies, of notable fame belonging to crown jewel collections, were found to actually be spinels. Perhaps the greatest mistake is the Black Prince's Ruby set in the British Imperial State Crown. Whether these mistakes were accidents or clever substitutions of precious rubies for the less valuable spinels by risk taking jewelers, history is unclear. The misidentification is meaningless in terms of the value of these gems for even spinel carries a considerable amount of worth and these stones are priceless based on their history, let alone their carat weight and pedigree

TOPAZ

Topaz is a common gemstone that has been used for centuries in jewelry. Its golden brown to yellow color is classic but is confused with the less valuable citrine, which is sometimes sold under the name topaz. The blue topaz that is often confused with aquamarine is rarely natural and is produced by irradiating and then heating clear crystals. Golden Topaz is the November Birthstone, and Blue Topaz is an acceptable alternate birthstone for December.

DIAMOND

Diamond has remarkable optical characteristics. Because of its extremely rigid lattice, it can be contaminated by very few types of impurities, such as boron and nitrogen. Combined with wide transparency, this results in the clear, colorless appearance of most natural diamonds. Small amounts of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) color diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown (lattice defects), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange or red. Diamond also has relatively high optical dispersion (ability to disperse light of different colors), which results in its characteristic luster. Excellent optical and mechanical properties, combined with efficient marketing, make diamond the most popular gemstone.

PEARL

It is firmly believed that wearing of pearl ensure happy conjugal life and protection from widow-hood. Anybody wearing an unblemished Pearl earns riches and is blessed by goddess of wealth Lakshmi. He or she lives long and all his sins are said be washed away. He gets vitality, becomes intelligent and achieves a high position in life. Pearl with a yellow luster brings wealth. A reddish pearl makes one intelligent. White Pearl bestows fame and the Pearl with blue hue is the giver of good fortune. The wearing of a defective pearl brings troubles. The Pearl, in which there is spot without luster like the hole, that pearl, is likely to cause leprosy to the wearer. If in any pearl there is a spot or sign looking like the eye of a fish, the wearer suffers loss of children. The Pearl, devoid of luster is said to shorten life. The Pearl that is flat brings a bad name to the wearer. The Pearl that is long instead of being round makes the wearer foolish and an idiot. If a side of the Pearl is broken, the wearer of such stones suffers the loss of his livelihood.

Panna

Panna gemstone is absolutely suitable for Gemini and Virgo. A pure emerald stone brings peace, prosperity and affluence. Panna gemstone regulates the speed and represents Goddess Saraswati. The feeling of mankind gets imbued in heart and the wearer becomes sympathetic for everyone.

Moonga

The wearing of a Red Coral Moonga makes the native courageous and a conqueror of his enemies. It is believed that the genuine Red Coral warns the wearer of coming ill health by changing its color. The Red Coral prevents from bad dreams and nightmares. It protects the wearer from evil spirits. A good and auspicious Coral possesses the following merits:

RUBY

The red color of ruby results from a small admixture of chronic oxide. The most prized tint is blood red or crimson known in the trade as "pigeon's blood" red. The color of this corundum varies, however, according to the geographical locality of the mine. Siamese rubies, for instance, are of a deeper garnet red than those found at Mogul in Burma, while Ceylon ruby is of a pinkish dull red. Corundum is extremely hard, 9 on the Moss scale. It is, therefore, not quite as hard as diamond but much harder than other minerals, including emerald. Transparent ruby, when cut en cabochon, may reflect light so as to produce star-like bands, a phenomenon rated highly by the experts. If viewed from a certain direction, bands of light are reflected onto the surface of the crystal forming a six-ray star shape. This optical effect is due to the presence of fine canalization or inclusions of Ruthie. The color of these "star stones" varies from pale rose red, to deep crimson, to purple. Generally speaking, the darker the crystal, the less evident is the star, and vice verse. It is a rare gem indeed in which the color and the star are of equal beauty.

Tourmalines

Tourmalines come in just about every color in the rainbow. Some of the colors have unique jewelry related names.
Pink to Red tourmaline is known as rubellite, and the color is probably from manganese. It is one of the most valuable of the tourmalines when the colors are dark and rich. Large flawless stones are rare, as the pink variety tends to have more flaws.
Greens - there are two distinct families of green tourmaline, one contains trace amounts of chromium (and coincidentally is called Chrome Tourmaline). It has a high value. Other shades of green may run from light green, to dark olive green and they tend to have less value than the chrome, blue or pink

Amethyst stone

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and is a popular gemstone. If it were not for its widespread availability, amethyst would be very expensive. The name "amethyst" comes from the Greek and means "not drunken." This was maybe due to a belief that amethyst would ward off the effects of alcohol, but most likely the Greeks were referring to the almost wine-like color of some stones that they may have encountered. Its color is unparalleled, and even other, more expensive purple gemstones are often compared to its color and beauty. Although it must always be purple to be amethyst, it can and does have a wide range of purple shades.